The benefits of seed banking for red maple (Acer rubrum): maximizing seedling recruitment

نویسندگان

  • Janneke Hille
  • James S. Clark
چکیده

Seed banking is assumed to be unimportant for temperate trees, because their seeds are short-lived in soils. However, even short-term seed banking could increase recruitment and affect population dynamics of seed-banking trees. To investigate this possibility, we examined early life-history stages of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), an abundant seed-banking tree in eastern forests. We found that seed banking benefits red maple by increasing germination when seedling survival is likely. Most red maple seeds germinate soon after spring dispersal, when seedling survival is high, or postpone germination to the following growing season, once seedling survival becomes less likely late in the summer. This occurs because seed dormancy increases during the growing season, matching a concurrent decrease in seedling survival. Our results and those of other studies suggest seed dormancy is increased by the same environmental factors (low light and low moisture) that also decrease seedling survival. We speculate that early life-history traits, including seed banking, may have contributed to this species’ increased abundance in eastern deciduous forests in the last century. Résumé : L’entreposage de graines n’est pas présumé important pour les arbres des forêts tempérées parce que leurs semences ne demeurent pas viables longtemps dans le sol. Cependant, même l’entreposage de graines à faible longévité pourrait augmenter le recrutement et affecter la dynamique des populations d’arbres qui entreposent leurs semences. Pour vérifier cette possibilité, les auteurs ont examiné les premières étapes du cycle biologique de l’érable rouge (Acer rubrum L.), un arbre qui entrepose ses semences et qui est abondant dans les forêts de l’Est. Ils ont trouvé que l’entreposage des graines profitait à l’érable rouge en augmentant la germination lorsque les chances de survie des semis sont bonnes. La germination des semences d’érable rouge survient principalement tôt après la dispersion printanière, quand la survie des semis est forte, ou est reportée à la saison de croissance suivante lorsque les chances de survie des semis deviennent plus risquées tard pendant l’été. Ce phénomène survient parce que la dormance des graines augmente au cours de la saison de croissance concurremment à une diminution de la survie des semis. Leurs résultats ainsi que ceux d’autres études suggèrent que la dormance des semences est augmentée par les mêmes facteurs environnementaux (faible lumière et faible humidité) que ceux qui diminuent le taux de survie des semis. Ils croient que les caractéristiques des premières étapes du cycle biologique, ce qui inclut l’entreposage des graines, peuvent avoir contribué à l’augmentation de l’abondance de cette espèce dans les forêts décidues de l’Est au cours du dernier siècle. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Hille Ris Lambers and Clark 813

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تاریخ انتشار 2005